Electronic propulsion in space

True space flight requires something better then Roman Candle technology. Rockets are too slow, too expensive, too dangerous and too inefficient for anything but near space use. What is needed an Electrical solution. Everything in the Universe works under an electrical component. While early work in electricity was conducted in Electro-statics, current flow in a conductor to create Electromagnetic conditions was where most effort was placed.

For the last 65 years I have studied this problem, tried many solutions, walked down many dead ends. There must be a solution ! Nicola Tesla started working on this problem while in middle school. everything he developed was the result of this quest and the creation of the needed tools and parts. there must be a solution.

Flying saucers are saucers for a reason, form follows function, Eyewitness reports tell of electrical effects near them, quite Strong Electrical Effects from their operations.

There is not Nothing in space this proposal is to gain a grip / traction on the stuff of space Electronically.

Aether

Gravity and Aether

Shaded torus representation of Electro-Static Effects in space caused by field effects at the edges of a highly charged capacitor disk plates.

By creating a very high charge between the capacitance disks we have high static charge but little current flow in the system. It is the losses caused by current flow that really eats up power. But it is the presence of Electron charge that causes the effects in the Aether

Cross section of stylized version of edge of capacitance disks

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gravity is a myth

The Earth sucks or does it?

On Gravity

Gravity causes exactly the same warpage as charge fields in atomic structures. Gravity behaves exactly the same as charge fields as to effects over distance. Charge fields are created by gravity. The potential for acceleration in an earth gravity field is 32ft per second for each second of acceleration, the charge field of earth is an linear accelerator. Investigations conducted in the 1800s established an average charge field of 300 volts per meter average in dry air. In a boring week I created a number of gravity batteries of oil, paper and foil. In all cases the batteries were positive on top and negative on the bottom. The voltage over distance was about .50 milivolts per 10 mils or 300volts over 1 meter. This was dielectric warpage as in a condenser, no current flow measured as this was a device to measure potential created by gravity. Do not confuse voltage potential with current flow! You have to gather the charge bodies as well as develop potential and create a controllable current flow as well as allow for recharge of the device. Dielectric warpage is the displacement of the nucleus from the center of the electron shell. The electron shell is the atomic surface and the nucleus the atomic mass or center of gravity. Whether gravitational fields or electrical charge fields the effect is the same, atomic warpage, ………..  for more of this post.On gravity

Dielectric Warpage, This above representation of the atomic structure is difficult as the nucleon is so small within the electron shell. It is said that if the proton was the size of a basketball the electron shell would be the size of the United States. About 1 foot in 3,000 miles!

wikipedia.org/wiki/Biefeld%E2%80%93Brown_effect

Electro-static forces within a charged capacitor warp the diaelectric of the atoms within the space between the plates, just as gravity would, creating the potential for acceleration as gravity does. This creates the possibility of creation of artificial gravity between 2 charged plates. …pg

Electronic Engine Proposed

Helical Engine Proposed

A new concept for in-space propulsion is proposed in which propellant is not ejected from the engine, but instead is captured to create a nearly infinite specific impulse. The engine accelerates ions confined in a loop to moderate relativistic speeds, and then varies their velocity to make slight changes to their mass. The engine then moves ions back and forth along the direction of travel to produce thrust. This in-space engine could be used for long-term satellite station-keeping without refueling. It could also propel spacecraft across interstellar distances, reaching close to the speed of light. The engine has no moving parts other than ions traveling in a vacuum line, trapped inside electric and magnetic fields.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20190029657.pdf

Proposed: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER study results of computer simulations

16 page .pdf on a study of computer simulations for a proposed electronic space propulsion system. Nothing real here but an interesting study on the possibility of electronic propulsion none the less….pg

 

Navy Patent to modify Mass / Inertia

Patent for a craft using an Inertial Mass Reduction Device   patent number 10,144,532B2

It was brought to my attention that a researcher for the U.S. Navy had patented a device for the reduction of mass / inertia,  last December, on work he has been doing  for the last 12 years.  There are many citations of papers of his own as well as work done by others,

After reading the patent claims it appears to me that this is a proposed device patent meant to cover the possibilities rather then an actual device. The author seems to use a great deal of techno-babble to dance around,  Not saying Aether,  to describe the EMF manipulation of the near to the craft, space, to reduce the effects of Mass / Inertia by creating a richly confused, 3 Dimensional field…pg

The Great Coil

The great coil and plasma jet in place under the Disk frame

In this configuration the black coils are the primary and the white above is the necklace coils. Each of the necklace coils is a single loop terminated at a condenser unit distributed around the circumference of the disk along with the driving primary.

HV Coil with Pincushion plasma cone

 

The Original Device

bottom of old coil deck, coil is welded to the other side of the central portion of the device.

 

The original device was constructed of welded polypropylene, the bulge rings were built in condensers that were terminations of a necklace of wired loops  bundled with the primary loop of the Great Tesla coil. During early testing the condensers failed and could not be repaired. All of this outer works was cut away to salvage the Great Coil.

Flat spiral wound tesla coil with central pincushion/plasma jet

The central part of this device is the flat wound spiral coil. This coil is created from about 1200ft of 14 gauge copper wire, 120 turns, at 5 turns to the inch, fixed with 5/32″ polypropylene rod welded to the 1/2 inch thick polypropylene deck. The insulation value between winding turns  was tested to 40,000 volts per turn or 4 million volts of stress for the entire coil. The coil center termination is a 8 inch disk with pins set in a 1/4 inch grid for 16 pins per inch square. The pincushion is inside a polypropylene forcing cone that terminates with a 2 inch plasma conduit. The necklace bundle is just visible inside the ring of the left picture, the central discoloration is the coil it’s self spiraling out from the pincushion/ plasma cone. During initial testing of the device, it was being directly powered from the 15,000 volt transformer when a lead came loose and began arching. The coil went into full Tesla mode of about 2 million volts at the pincushion. A violet plasma jet 6 feet high erupted from the cone! After 25-30 seconds the loose wire came free and the system died.

Some of the built in condensers were damaged and could not be repaired. The Great Coil was removed from the damaged device for further use as it would be very difficult to replace …pg

For a description of the Tesla Coil driver parts see:   Pictorial of parts.

For a description of the Tesla Coil  driver see:   primary-driver

for  the layout and parts test of driver:   condenser-sparkgap-test 

These above links will open new tabs so you won’t get lost…pg

Physics discussion on Aether Propulsion

Physics discussion on Aether Propulsion

lifted from ChiefIO blog

• E.M.Smith says:

25 September 2018 at 5:08 am

@Jim2:

It is looking like pervasive “fields” are all that is real, and “particles” are just what you get when something pokes the field. (So a photon hitting the “electron field” causes the “electron particle” to come into being and changes the “2 slot” outcome to the particle form… )

Basically, if we don’t look then everything is a field. It is when we look that it becomes particles…

Isn’t QM fun? 8-} /sarc;

• p.g.sharrow says:

25 September 2018 at 5:49 am

“Basically, if we don’t look then everything is a field. It is when we look that it becomes particles…”
yup! pretty much sums it up. K.I.S.S. ! 😎 …pg

• Simon Derricutt says:

25 September 2018 at 9:46 am

Maybe a lot of the problem with QM is that we can visualise waves OK, and we know about particles and how they collide, and neither the maths nor the visualisation work that well for something that is both at the same time. This isn’t helped by the Copenhagen interpretation, which tells us that it’s only when we look that the wave functions “collapse” into a single result from being indeterminate before we look. Given the age of the universe, and the lack of people to look and measure, it makes sense that things happen whether we look or not. That problem of only having a real result when someone measures it was got over with Bohmian Mechanics, where a “guiding wave” determines the position and direction of a real particle (which makes the wave and the particle there at the same time, and thus things can happen without anyone to measure them). However, this explanation wasn’t chosen, possibly because it effectively posits an Aether (the medium that the guiding wave exists in), and people were trying to go away from anything Aether-like. As I’ve said before, though, if you’re going to have waves of any sort, then as far as we can tell *something* will be waving, and a model with inertial minuscule particles with springs between them is bound to work for a lot of the properties. Basically, you can’t get away from some sort of Aether, even if you rename it as spacetime and say there can be waves in spacetime, unless of course you try to make a model where waves don’t exist and it’s only particles. Since a particle model isn’t going to match reality when it comes to diffraction unless you give the particles some wave properties, and again that implies something being waved, finding a non-paradoxical description has so far escaped us.

At the heart of QM we thus have paradox, which tells us we haven’t yet got a good description of what is actually happening. The models we’ve got mostly work pretty well despite the paradox, though, so it’s the best we’ve got at the moment and mostly we ignore the paradoxes and choose the description of particle or wave depending on which one gives the right answer. Another problem with current theory is that it has inconvenient infinities turning up in the maths. Where these turn up, the technique of “renormalisation” is used, which basically means we ignore the infinities and take them out of the equations, and the rest of the equation then gives the right answer. It’s a fudge, and wasn’t liked at the time it was introduced (can’t remember who by), but sorts the problem. http://www.volkerschatz.com/science/renorm.html . Wikipedia has a nice explanation, too, that goes quite a bit deeper.

One thing that bugs me about all this complex maths is that it’s logical that the particles/waves themselves don’t have the capacity to do all the partial derivatives and integrations to work out where they ought to be. They really should simply react to the forces they see at any point in time (here and now forces and what happens as a result) and though the resultant path may be a little complex such as a conic section, it still ought to be calculable using numerical simulation where we use timesteps and the configuration/forces at each point and thus step through positions of the constituent parts.

Of course, all these theories assume momentum is absolutely conserved in an interaction, and that apart from borrowing/returning to the Heisenberg energy bank, that energy is conserved too. That may not be a valid assumption. It’s almost certainly the net result after an interaction (we normally see energy and momentum conserved), but may not be valid during the interaction. If inertia is quantised (as seems to be true from cosmological observations) then this will apply at the particle level too, and rather than being a continuous range, momentum can only be exchanged (or changed) in quanta. It’s possible that this may change the maths quite a lot. A small force won’t thus affect the velocity (below the necessary force to jump to the next momentum level), and the path of a particle won’t be a smooth curve but instead a series of straight lines as the momentum has step-changes. I figure that might make some difference to the calculations….

Feynman was required reading when I was learning physics. He was good at explaining things, and where he found things that didn’t make sense he changed them so they did make sense. Probably killed a few sacred cows on the way, and his personal life was unconventional too. I see nothing wrong in watching his lectures for entertainment. I haven’t the time this morning, so I’ll watch them somewhat later. More fun than a Marvel blockbuster with fights between groups of people with magic powers.

• p.g.sharrow says:

25 September 2018 at 1:52 pm

@Simon; Excellent essay on the logic of the problem of waves that appear to be particles, particles that behave as waves. Quantaize the medium, Call it what you want. I prefer Aether and this results in Mass/Inertia being external to Mater, the thing that matters to me…pg

• p.g.sharrow says:

25 September 2018 at 2:30 pm

If you “kick” the Aether hard enough (voltage) and fast enough (frequency) It will kick back hard. Just like the results in a Tesla coil operation. If you are operating a cone shape field by pulsing a signal over a cone or saucer shape within the high voltage/high frequency field you are operating a linear motor within the activated Aether. Electronic Propulsion!…pg

More about pg

 

Back in the winter of 63-64 I was sent to a symposium being put on at Cal Berkley for budding young scientists to join their next years student body. We were given a selection of departments to go through on a show and tell. I chose the Physics Lab. and the Soils Lab.

The Physics Lab. had a lot of cool stuff, “Giant” new cyclotron and all the latest equipment being operated by Laurence Radiation Laboratories. I found their “toys” equipment fascinating. Their bs science, which they were very proud of,  mainly boring. Later at the presentation of the grad students papers, I pointed out that the conclusions drawn from one experiment could have several other causes. The grad student was not pleased that a 17 year old “hick from the sticks” would critique His science!

The Soils Lab was quite a shock! Their science was in how to “Destroy Soil” to make it solid underlay to build on. I had spent 4 years learning how to create and husband soils for farming. Was something of an expert at it. These guys were teaching how to ruin it!
What would you expect at Berzerkly….pg

 

for a bit more see An Engineers’ Tale

Further evidence of Aether

ESO/L. Calçada

We just got the first real evidence of a strange quantum distortion in empty space

It’s taken us 80 years to witness this.

 

BEC CREW

1 DEC 2016

 

For the first time, astronomers have observed a strange quantum phenomenon in action, where a neutron star is surrounded by a magnetic field so intense, it’s given rise to a region in empty space where matter spontaneously pops in and out of existence.

Called vacuum birefringence, this bizarre phenomenon was first predicted back in the 1930s, but had only ever been observed on the atomic scale. Now scientists have finally seen it occur in nature, and it goes against everything thatNewton and Einstein had mapped out.

More of article

Further evidence of the existence of Aether filling all of space. There Ain’t Nothing in Space! Space is jam packed full of something. Something that is effected by magnetic or Electro-Motive-Force. This EMF yields the phenomena of Mass/Inertia and Gravity…pg

EMF Thruster really Works

Artist concept of activity within thruster cavity that creates external thrust.

pictures of test device in front of vacuum  chamber.

A vacuum test campaign evaluating the impulsive thrust performance of a tapered radio-frequency test article excited in the transverse magnitude 212 mode at 1937 MHz has been completed. The test campaign consisted of a forward thrust phase and reverse thrust phase at vacuum with power scans at 40, 60, and 80 W. The test campaign included a null thrust test effort to identify any mundane sources of impulsive thrust; however, none were identified. Thrust data from forward, reverse, and null suggested that the system was consistently performing.

Read More: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120

An EMF propulsion device that really works! Next will be a test in space. A renewed NASA will have a new toy. The paradigm of the “Fabric of Space” will need to be rewritten..again…pg

Also see Impossible EM Thruster

From paper;  Discussion  

    Before providing some qualitative thoughts on the proposed physics potentially at work in the tapered RF test articles, it will be useful to provide a brief background on the supporting physics lines of thought. In short, the supporting physics model used to derive a force based on operating conditions in the test article can be categorized as a nonlocal hidden-variable theory, or pilot-wave theory for short.

Pilot-wave theories are a family of realist interpretations of quantum mechanics that conjecture that the statistical nature of the formalism of quantum mechanics is due to an ignorance of an underlying more fundamental real dynamics, and that microscopic particles follow real trajectories over time just like larger classical bodies do. The first pilot-wave theory was proposed by de Broglie in 1923 [4], where he proposed that a particle interacted with an accompanying guiding wave field, or pilot wave, and this interaction was responsible for guiding the particle along its trajectory, orthogonal to the surfaces of constant phase. In 1926, Madelung [5] published a hydrodynamic model of quantum mechanics by recasting the linear Schrödinger equation into hydrodynamic form, where the Planck constant ℏℏ was analogous to a surface tension σσ in shallow-water hydrodynamics and vacuum fluctuations were the reason for quantum mechanics. In 1952, Bohm [6,7] published a pilot-wave theory where the guiding wave was equivalent to the solution of the Schrödinger equation and a particle’s velocity was equivalent to the quantum velocity of probability. Soon after, the Bohmian mechanics line of thinking was extended by others to incorporate the effects of a stochastic subquantum realm, and de Broglie augmented his initial pilot-wave theory with this approach in 1964 [8], adopting the parlance “hidden thermodynamics.” A family of models categorized as vacuum-based pilot-wave theories or stochastic electrodynamics (SED) [9] further explored the concept that the electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations of the zero point field represent a natural source of stochasticity in the subquantum realm and provide classical explanations for the origin of the Planck constant, Casimir effect, ground state of hydrogen, and much more.

It should be noted that the pilot-wave domain experienced an early setback when von Neumann [10] published an impossibility proof against the idea of any hidden-variable theory. This and other subsequent impossibility proofs were later discredited by Bell 30 years later in 1966 [11], and Bell went on to say in the preface of his 1987 book [12] that the pilot wave eliminated the shifty boundary between wavy quantum states on the one hand and Bohr’s classical terms on the other: said simply, there was a real quantum dynamics underlying the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.

Although the idea of a pilot wave or realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is not the dominant view of physics today (which favors the Copenhagen interpretation), it has seen a strong resurgence of interest over the last decade based on some experimental work pioneered by Couder and Fort [13]. Couder and Fort discovered that bouncing a millimeter-sized droplet on a vibrating shallow fluid bath at just the right resonance frequency created a scenario where the bouncing droplet created a wave pattern on the shallow bath that also seemed to guide the droplet along its way. To Couder and Fort, this seemed very similar to the pilot-wave concept just discussed and, in subsequent testing by Couder and others, this macroscopic classical system was able to exhibit characteristics thought to be restricted to the quantum realm. To date, this hydrodynamic pilot-wave analog system has been able to duplicate the double slit experiment findings, tunneling, quantized orbits, and numerous other quantum phenomena. Bush put together two thorough review papers chronicling the experimental work being done in this domain by numerous universities [14,15].

In addition to these quantum analogs, there may already be direct evidence supportive of the pilot-wave approach: specifically, Bohmian trajectories may have been observed by two separate experiments working with photons [16,17]. Reconsidering the double slit experiment with the pilot-wave view, the photon goes through one slit, and the pilot wave goes through both slits. The resultant trajectories that photons follow arTruespacee continuous real trajectories that are affected by the pilot wave’s probabilistic interference pattern with itself as it undergoes constructive and destructive interference due to reflections from the slits.

In the approach used in the quantum vacuum plasma thruster (also known as a Q thruster) supporting physics models, the zero point field (ZPF) plays the role of the guiding wave in a similar manner to the vacuum-based pilot-wave theories. To be specific, the vacuum fluctuations (virtual fermions and virtual photons) serves as the dynamic medium that guides a real particle on its way. Two recent papers authored by members of this investigation team explored the scientific ramifications of this ZPF-based background medium. The first paper [18] considered the quantum vacuum at the cosmological scale in which a thought experiment applied to the Einstein tensor yielded an equation that related the gravitational constant to the quantity of vacuum energy in the universe, implying that gravity might be viewed as an emergent phenomenon: a long wavelength consequence of the quantum vacuum. This viewpoint was scaled down to the atomic level to predict the density of the quantum vacuum in the presence of ordinary matter. This approach yielded a predicted value for the Bohr radius and electron mass with a direct dependency on dark energy. The corollary from this work pertinent to the q-thruster models is that the quantum vacuum is a dynamic medium and could potentially be modeled at the microscopic scale as an electron-positron plasma. The quantum vacuum around the hydrogen nucleus was considered in much more detail in the second paper [19]. Here, the energy density of the quantum vacuum was shown to theoretically have a 1/r41/r4 dependency moving away from the hydrogen nucleus (or proton). This 1/r41/r4 dependency was correlated to the Casimir force, suggesting that the energy density in the quantum vacuum is dependent on geometric constraints and energy densities in electric/magnetic fields. This paper created a quasi-classical model of the hydrogen atom in the COMSOL Multiphysics software (COMSOL is not an acronym) that modeled the vacuum around the proton as an electron-positron plasma. These analysis results showed that the n=1n=1 to 7 energy levels of the hydrogen atom could be viewed as longitudinal resonant acoustic wave modes in the quantum vacuum. This suggests that the idea of treating the quantum vacuum as a dynamic medium capable of supporting oscillations might be valid. If a medium is capable of supporting acoustic oscillations, this means that the internal constituents were capable of interacting and exchanging momentum.

If the vacuum is indeed mutable and degradable as was explored, then it might be possible to do/extract work on/from the vacuum, and thereby be possible to push off of the quantum vacuum and preserve the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum. It is proposed that the tapered RF test article pushes off of quantum vacuum fluctuations, and the thruster generates a volumetric body force and moves in one direction while a wake is established in the quantum vacuum that moves in the other direction.

A vacuum test campaign that used an updated integrated test article and optimized torsion pendulum layout was completed. The test campaign consisted of a forward thrust element that included performing testing at ambient pressure to establish and confirm good tuning, as well as subsequent power scans at 40, 60, and 80 W, with three thrust runs performed at each power setting for a total of nine runs at vacuum. The test campaign consisted of a reverse thrust element that mirrored the forward thrust element. The test campaign included a null thrust test effort of three tests performed at vacuum at 80 W to try and identify any mundane sources of impulsive thrust; none were identified. Thrust data from forward, reverse, and null suggested that the system was consistently performing at 1.2±0.1  mN/kW1.2±0.1  mN/kW, which was very close to the average impulsive performance measured in air. A number of error sources were considered and discussed. Although thermal shift was addressed to a degree with this test campaign, future testing efforts should seek to develop testing approaches that are immune to CG shifts from thermal expansion. As indicated in Sec. II.C.8, a modified Cavendish balance approach could be employed to definitively rule out thermal. Although this test campaign was not focused on optimizing performance and was more an exercise in existence proof, it is still useful to put the observed thrust-to-power figure of 1.2  mN/kW1.2  mN/kW in context. The current state-of–the-art thrust to power for a Hall thruster is on the order of 60  mN/kW60  mN/kW. This is an order of magnitude higher than the test article evaluated during the course of this vacuum campaign; however, for missions with very large delta-v requirements, having a propellant consumption rate of zero could offset the higher power requirements. The 1.2  mN/kW1.2  mN/kW performance parameter is over two orders of magnitude higher than other forms of “zero-propellant” propulsion, such as light sails, laser propulsion, and photon rockets having thrust-to-power levels in the 3.33–6.67  μN/kW3.33–6.67  μN/kW (or 0.0033–0.0067  mN/kW0.0033–0.0067  mN/kW) range.     G. G. SpanjersAssociate Editor

 

I guess they will need Aether for this thing to work.

As they only used 300 volts as the bias field, They will need to study Tesla’s work, as MUCH higher voltages will be needed to really get traction on the stuff of space. At least 100 times greater to get real traction.

 

Tesla’s dream of an EMF propulsion system will be achieved and humans will have their Truespace drive. The second gift from GOD for this era…pg

Are Climate changes caused by Solar activity variations ?

Documentation of the solar activity variations and it’s influence on climate

Dimitris Poulos

 

Abstract of paper from: gpcpublishing.com

The four planets that influence the most the solar surface through tidal forcing seem to affect the Earth climate. A simple two cosine model with periods 251 years, of the seasonality of the Earth – Venus syzygies, and 265.4 years, of the combined syzygies of Jupiter and Mercury with Earth when Earth is in synod with Venus, fits well the Northern Hemisphere temperatures of the last 1000 years as reconstructed by Jones et al (1998). The physical mechanism proposed is that planetary gravitational forces drive solar activity that in turn drives temperature variations in earth. The sun is in a boundary balance state at one hand collapsing due to gravity and at the other hand expanding due to fusion, and as such it should be heavily influenced by minimal external forcings such as planetary gravity. Sound waves in the solar mass, created from the planetary movement, are responsible for the formation of solar corona and sun spots. The Earth-Venus 251 year resonance is resonant to a near surface solar layer’s thermal natural frequency that “explodes” to form solar wind. The calculated solar wind properties match the observed.

 link to  pdf

Solar energy output.

Energy creation and output from the Sun is a factor of matter-energy density. Whether Fission or Fusion, changes in matter-energy density causes changes in Neutron decay or creation and therefor energy creation and output.

Just like a boiling pot of water that has a pressure set 212f /100c temperature of output, so the sun has a pressure set temperature of output, or TSI ( Total Solar Irradiance)  .surface temperature of approximately 5,778 K (5,505 °C, 9,941 °F). This is very stable. Just like the pot of water, changes in energy are manifest as “steam” wind output changes and not temperature change. During changes in solar output there are changes in the spectral signature of the solar TSI  Moving toward the higher frequencies as the output increases. Lower frequencies penetrate deeper into the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans but higher frequencies carry more energy.

The solar system is composed of a number of Sun orbiting bodies. Each causes some amount of gravitational pull on the solar body, as their position changes it changes the position of the center of gravity of the solar system

Changes in the Solar System center of gravity causes the solar body to move to and fro In it’s attempt to center it’s self with the local gravitational field. While there is an argument that this makes no difference as the sun is in “free-fall”.  All of the sun has mass, mass that resists changes in motion. Local tidal movements cause changes in local matter-energy density causing changes in local Fission/Fusion and therefore energy creation and output being caused by the position changes of the orbiting planets…pg